What does "probable cause" mean in criminal law?

Probable cause refers to a standard of reasonable belief, based on facts, that a crime has been committed or that specific evidence related to a crime can be found in a particular place. This concept is crucial in criminal law, as it serves as the foundation for various legal actions, including arrests and searches. Law enforcement officers must demonstrate probable cause to justify the belief that an individual has committed a crime or that evidence exists that will aid in the prosecution of that crime.

This standard is more than mere suspicion; it requires a clear connection to facts or circumstances that would lead a reasonable person to conclude that a crime has indeed occurred or is occurring. This standard protects against arbitrary or unjustified intrusions by the state, ensuring that citizens' rights are upheld while allowing law enforcement to perform their duties effectively. It strikes a balance between personal freedoms and the need for effective police work, which is why it is a defining element of the legal procedures governing searches and seizures.